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1 εβουλόμην
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2 ἐβουλόμην
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3 'βουλόμην
ἐβουλόμην, βούλομαιwill: imperf ind mp 1st sg -
4 βούλομαι
βούλομαι 2 sg. βούλει (B-D-F §27; Mayser 328) beside Att. βούλῃ (Lk 22:42 v.l.; Hs 9, 11, 9 v.l.); impf. ἐβουλόμην (on the augment s. B-D-F §66, 3; Rob. 368; W-S. §12, 3), also ἠβούλετο (Hs 5, 6, 5); fut. βουλήσεται Job 39:9; 1 aor. ἐβουλήθην; ἠβουλήθην 2J 12 v.l. (MPol 7:1; AcPt Ox 849); pf. inf. βεβουλῆσθαι Just., D. 23, 1. (Hom.+) ‘wish, be willing’ (no longer difft. in mng. fr. θέλω: B-D-F §101 s.v. θέλειν, but cp. Epict. 1, 12, 13; s. RRödiger, Glotta 8, 1917, 1ff; WFox, PhilolWoch 37, 1917, 597ff; 633ff; FZucker, Gnomon 9, ’33, 191–201; GSchrenk, TW I 628–31; AWifstrand, D. griech. Verba für wollen: Eranos 40, ’42, 16–36).① to desire to have or experience someth., with implication of planning accordingly, wish, want, desire w. inf. foll. (Jos., Ant. 5, 280) ἐβουλόμην ἀκοῦσαι I should like to hear Ac 25:22 (B-D-F §359, 2; Rob. 1055f; cp. Dionys. Hal., De Dem. 42 p. 1087 ἐβουλόμην ἔτι πλείω παρασχέσθαι παραδείγματα). ὸ̔ν ἐβουλόμην πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κατέχειν (on the analogy of θέλω w. inf.=opt. w. ἄν) whom I would have been glad to keep with me Phlm 13. οἱ βουλόμενοι πλουτεῖν those who desire to be rich 1 Ti 6:9; πλέον ἔχειν βούλεσθαι desire to have more Dg 10:5.—Js 4:4. W. a thing as obj. in the acc. Hm 12, 5, 4; Hs 5, 6, 5; 6, 5, 3; β. τὸν θάνατον τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ desire the death of the sinner 1 Cl 8:2 (Ezk 33:11); β. εἰρήνην wish for peace 15:1; αἷμα ταύρων … οὐ βούλομαι I do not desire B 2:5 (Is 1:11); νηστείαν β. Hs 5, 1, 4; ὅσον ἂν βούλωνται as much as they wished of food and drink MPol 7:2. φέρε, ὸ̔ βούλει Come, do what ( ever) you wish MPol 11:2; λέγει, φησίν, ὸ̔ βούλει Hm 12, 5, 1.② to plan on a course of action, intend, plan, willⓐ of human beingsα. w. acc. τοῦτο β. 2 Cor 1:17.β. w. aor. inf. foll. Mt 1:19; Mk 15:15; Ac 5:28, 33; 12:4; 15:37; 17:20; 18:27; 19:30; 22:30; 23:28; 27:43; 28:18; 2 Cor 1:15; 1 Cl 7:5; IRo 7:1; GPt 1:1 (ASyn. 341, 20); MPol 3:1 end.γ. w. pres. inf. foll. Ac 18:15; εἰ βούλοιτο πορεύεσθαι whether he was willing to go 25:20; β. φιλοπονεῖν 2 Cl 19:1; β. πιστεύειν Dg 9:6; β. πείθειν MPol 3:1; β. μένειν 5:1.δ. foll. by acc. and inf. (Jos., Ant. 14, 233 βούλομαι ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι; 246) γινώσκειν ὑμᾶς βούλομαι I want you to know Phil 1:12.—1 Ti 2:8; 5:14; Tit 3:8; Jd 5; 1 Cl 39:1; AcPl Ha 1, 14 (restored).ε. w. aor. subj. foll., in which case β. introduces a deliberative question βούλεσθε ἀπολύσω ὑμῖν; shall I release to you? J 18:39 (B-D-F §366, 3; Rob. 935).ζ. w. omission of the inf. which is to be supplied fr. the context ὅπου ἡ ὁρμὴ … βούλεται (sc. μετάγειν) Js 3:4. τοὺς βουλομένους (sc. ἐπιδέχεσθαι) κωλύει 3J 10. οὐκ ἐβουλήθην (sc. γράφειν) 2J 12.—1 Cl 54:2; 2 Cl 13:2; MPol 7:1; Dg 11:7. καθὼς βούλεται as he (it) wills Hm 5, 1, 3; cp. 11:2, 9; 12, 1, 1; 12, 2, 5; Hs 6, 5, 2; 9, 11, 9; cp. ὡς ἐβουλόμεθα Dg 9:1. εἴ τι βούλει (sc. εἰπεῖν) Hs 5, 5, 5. εἰ ἄρα βούλει if you so desire AcPt Ox 849, 6f.ⓑ of transcendent beings. Of God (though θέλω is more common in ref. to deity, s. BGildersleeve, Pindar, 1885, p. 245 and also θέλω 2; βούλομαι is the more common administrative term, s. Welles, index) (Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 15 βουλομένων θεῶν; Ael. Aristid. 50, 1 K.=26 p. 502 D.; BGU 248, 11 [I A.D.] θεῶν δὲ βουλομένων; 249, 13; Herm. Wr. 13, 21; LXX; Jos., Ant. 9, 189) abs. Lk 22:42. ἃ βούλομαι 2 Cl 13:2. βουληθεὶς ἀπεκύησεν ἡμᾶς λόγῳ ἀληθείας acc. to his will he brought us into being through the word of truth Js 1:18. W. aor. inf. foll. Hb 6:17; 1 Cl 16:10, 12 (Is 53:10); AcPlCor 2:10, 12. Foll. by acc. w. inf. 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 8:5.—Of Jesus Mt 11:27; Lk 10:22.—Of the Holy Spirit 1 Cor 12:11.—Of the day of the Lord GJs 17:1.—B. 1160. Schmidt, Syn. III 602–20. DELG. M-M. TW. -
5 αβουλόμην
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6 ἁβουλόμην
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7 βούλομαι
βούλομαι ([dialect] Ep. also [full] βόλομαι, q. v.), [dialect] Dor. [pref] βώλ- (q. v.), [dialect] Aeol. [pref] βόλλ- (v. βόλομαι), Thess. [pref] βέλλ- IG9(2).517.20, [dialect] Boeot. [pref] βείλ- ib.7.3080, [pref] βήλ- SIG1185.18 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), [dialect] Locr.and Delph. [pref] δείλ- IG9(1).334.3, GDI2034.10, Coan, etc. [pref] δήλ- (q. v.), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 2sg.Aβούλεαι Od.18.364
, Hdt.1.11: [tense] impf.ἐβουλόμην Il.11.79
, etc.; , D.1.15, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. ἐβουλέατο codd. in Hdt.1.4, 3.143: [tense] fut.βουλήσομαι A.Pr. 867
, S.OT 1077, etc.; later [tense] fut. βουληθήσομαι v.l. in Aristid.Or.48(24).8, Gal.13.636: [tense] aor. ἐβουλήθην, also ἠβ- (v. infr.), , IG22.1236, etc., but [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. subj. [ per.] 3sg. βούλεται (from Βόλς-ε-ται) Il.1.67: [tense] pf.βεβούλημαι D.18.2
; also βέβουλα ([etym.] προ-) Il.1.113 ( ἐβέβουλε dub. in Epigr. in Berl.Sitzb.1894.907):— forms with augm. ἠ- are found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. from 300 B.C. onwards, as IG22.657, al., and occur frequently in Mss. as ἠβούλοντο v.l.in Th. 2.2, 6.79,ἠβούλου Hyp.Lyc.11
; said to be Ionic in An.Ox.2.374.— An [voice] Act. βούλητε ( = βούλησθε ) Mitteis Chr.361.10 (iv A. D.):—will, wish, be willing, Hom., etc.: usu. implying choice or preference (cf. IV) opp. ἐθέλω 'consent',εἰ βούλει, ἐγὼ ἐθέλω Pl.Grg. 522e
, cf. R. 347b, 437b;ἐὰν βούλῃ σὺ.. ἐὰν θεὸς ἐθέλῃ Id.Alc.1.135d
; ; ; but ἐθέλω is also used = 'wish', λέξαι θέλω σοι, πρὶν θανεῖν, ἃ βούλομαι, E.Alc. 281 (soἐθέλω εἰπεῖν Pl.Prt. 309b
, butφράσαι τι βούλομαι Ar.Pl. 1090
): Hom. uses βούλομαι for ἐθέλω in the case of the gods, for with them wish is will: ἐθέλω is more general, and is sts. used where βούλομαι might have stood, e.g. Il. 7.182.—Construct.: mostly c. inf., , etc.; sts. c. inf. [tense] fut., Thgn.184; c. acc. et inf., Od.4.353, and freq. in Prose: when βούλομαι is folld. by acc. only, an inf. may generally be supplied, as καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην (sc. γενέσθαι) Od.20.316; ἔτυχεν ὧν ἐβούλετο (sc. τυχεῖν) Antiph.18.6; πλακοῦντα β. (sc. σε λέγειν) Id.52.11; καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ [Ποσειδάων] (sc. τοῦτο γενέσθαι) Il.15.51; so εἰς τὸ βαλανεῖον βούλομαι (sc. ἰέναι) Ar.Ra. 1279; βουλοίμην ἄν (sc. τόδε γενέσθαι) Pl.Euthphr.3a.2 in Hom. of gods, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., Τρώεσσιν.. ἐβούλετο νίκην he willed victory to the Trojans, Il.7.21, cf. 23.682: later c. acc., τὸ βουλόμενον τὴν πολιτείαν πλῆθος that supports the constitution, Arist.Pol. 1309b17.II [dialect] Att. usages:1 βούλει or βούλεσθε folld. by Verb in subj., βούλει λάβωμαι; would you have me take hold? S.Ph. 761; βούλει φράσω; Ar.Eq.36, cf. Pl.Phd. 79a, R. 596a; ποῦ δὴ βούλει ἀναγνῶμεν; Id.Phdr. 228e.2 εἰ βούλει if you please, S.Ant. 1168, X.An.3.4.41; also εἰ δὲ βούλει, ἐὰν δὲ βούλῃ, to express a concession, or if you like, Pl.Smp. 201a, etc.;εἰ μὲν β., φρονήσει, εἰ δὲ β., ἰσχύι Id.R. 432a
.3 ὁ βουλόμενος any one who likes, Hdt.1.54, Th.1.26, etc.;ἔδωκεν ἅπαντι τῷ βουλομένῳ D.21.45
; ὁ β. the 'common in former', Ar. Pl. 918 (whence, in jest, βούλομαι ib. 908); ὅστις βούλει who or which ever you like, Pl.Grg. 517b, Cra. 432a.4 βουλομένῳ μοί ἐστι, c. inf., it is according to my wish that.., Th.2.3;εἰ σοὶ β. ἐστὶν ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.Grg. 448d
; alsoτὰ θεῶν οὕτω βουλόμεν' ἔσται E.IA33
; τὸ κεἰνου βουλόμενον his wish, ib. 1270; but with pass. sense, τὸ β. the object of desire, Luc.Am.37, Plu.Art.28.5 τί βουλόμενος; with what purpose? Pl.Phd. 63a, D.18.172; ;S.
El. 1100.III mean, Pl.R. 362e, 590e, etc.; τί ἡμῖν βούλεται οὗτος ὁ μῦθος; (folld. by β. λέγειν ὡς ..) Id.Tht. 156c;τί β. σημαίνειν τὸ τέρας D.H.4.59
; βούλεται εἶναι professes or pretends to be, Pl.R. 595c;β. τὸ ὄνομα ἐπικεῖσθαι Id.Cra. 412c
; freq. in Arist., τὸ ἀκούσιον βούλεται λέγεσθαι οὐκ εἰ .. EN 1110b30; β. ἄσωτος εἶναι ὁ ἕν τι κακὸν ἔχων ib. 1119b34; β. ὁ πρᾶος ἀτάραχος εἶναι ib. 1125b33; tend to be,ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος φύσις β. εἶναι ἄχυμος Id.Sens. 441a3
; β. ἤδη τότε εἶναι πόλις ὅταν .. Id.Pol. 1261b12, cf. 1293b40; ἡ φύσις β. μὲν τοῦτο ποιεῖν πολλάκις, οὐ μέντοι δύναται ib. 1255b3, cf. GA 778a4, al.IV folld. by ἤ .., prefer, for βούλομαι μᾶλλον (which is more usu. in Prose), βούλομ' ἐγὼ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι I had rather.., Il.1.117, cf. 23.594, Od.3.232, 11.489, 12.350;β. τὸ μέν τι εὐτυχέειν.. ἢ εὐτυχέειν τὰ πάντα Hdt.3.40
; β. παρθενεύεσθαι πλέω χρόνον ἢ πατρὸς ἐστερῆσθαι (for πολὺν χρόνον, μᾶλλον ἤ ..) ib. 124, cf. E.Andr. 351; less freq. without ἤ.., πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν οἴκοι ἔχειν I much prefer.., Il.1.112, cf. Od.15.88. (g[uglide]el-g[uglide]ol-, cf. the dialectic forms.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > βούλομαι
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8 ἀρχή
A beginning, origin,νείκεος ἀ. Il.22.116
;πήματος Od.8.81
;φόνου 21.4
, etc.; opp. τέλος, Hdt.7.51, etc.; opp. τελευτή, Thgn.607, cf. Pl.Lg. 715e, Hp.Morb.1.1;ἀ. γενέσθαι κακῶν Hdt.5.97
;ἀ. ποιήσασθαί τινος Th.1.128
, And.2.37, Isoc.12.120, etc.;ἀ. λαβεῖν τινός Aeschin.1.11
;τὰς ἀρχὰς εἰληφέναι Plb.4.28.3
; ἀρχὴν ὑποθέσθαι lay a foundation, D.3.2, etc.; (and [voice] Pass.,ἀρχαὶ βέβληνται Pi.N.1.8
);ἀρχὴν ἄρχεσθαί τινος Pl.Ti. 36e
; source of action, [ὁ ἄνθρωπος] ἔχει ἀρχὴν ἐλευθέραν Plot.3.3.4
.b with Preps. in adverbial usages, ἐξ ἀρχῆς from the beginning, from the first, from of old, Od.1.188, Xenoph.10, etc.;οὑξ ἀ. φίλος S.OT 385
;ἡ ἐξ ἀ. ἔχθρα D.54.3
;τὸ ἐξ ἀ. X.Cyn.12.6
; butπλουτεῖν ἐξ ἀ. πάλιν
anew, afresh,Ar.
Pl. 221;λόγον πάλιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ἀ. κινεῖν Pl.R. 450a
; ὁ ἐξ ἀ. λόγος the original argument, Id.Tht. 177c, etc.; τὰ ἐξ ἀ. the principal sum, Arist.Pol. 1280a30:—alsoἀπ' ἀ. Hes.Th. 425
, Hdt.2.104, Pi.P.8.25, A.Supp. 344, Pl.Tht. 206d; κατ' ἀρχάς in the beginning, at first, Hdt.3.153, 7.5;αὐτίκα κατ' ἀ. Id.8.94
;τὸ κατ' ἀ. Pl. Lg. 798a
, al.c acc. ἀρχήν, abs., to begin with, at first, Hdt. 1.9, 2.28, 8.132;τὴν ἀρχήν And.3.20
: pl.,τὰς ἀρχάς Plb.16.22.8
: freq. followed by a neg., not at all,ἀρχὴν μηδὲ λαβών Hdt.3.39
, cf. 1.193, al.;ἀ. δὲ θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα S.Ant.92
;ἀ. κλύειν ἂν οὐκ.. ἐβουλόμην Id.Ph. 1239
, cf. El. 439, Philol.3, Antipho5.73, Pl. Grg. 478c; sts. c. Art.,τοῦτο οὐκ ἐνδέκομαι τὴν ἀ. Hdt.4.25
;τὴν ἀ. γὰρ ἐξῆν αὐτῷ μὴ γράφειν D.23.93
.2 first principle, element, first so used by Anaximander, acc. to Simp. in Ph.150.23, cf. Arist. Metaph. 983b11, etc.;Ἡράκλειτος τὴν ἀ. εἶναί φησι ψυχήν Id.de An. 405a25
; of ὕλη and θεός, opp. στοιχεῖα, Placit.1.3.25; practical principle of conduct, ; principles of knowledge, Arist.Metaph. 995b8, al.3 end, corner, of a bandage, rope, sheet, etc., Hdt.4.60, Hp.Off.9, E.Hipp. 762, Aen.Tact.18.14, Act.Ap.10.11; of a compound pulley, Hero Bel.84.14.4 Math., origin of a curve,τῆς ἕλικος Archim.Spir. 11
Def.2, etc.;ξυνὸν ἀ. καὶ πέρας ἐπὶ κύκλου περιφερείας Heraclit. 103
.6 sum, total, ib.Nu.1.2.7 vital organs of the body, Gal.1.318, al.II first place or power, sovereignty (not in Hom.),Διὸς ἀρχά Pi.O.2.64
, cf. Hdt.1.6, etc.;γενέσθαι ἐπ' ἀρχῆς Arist.Pol. 1284b2
: metaph., μεγάλην μεντἂν ἀ. εἴης εὑρηκώς, of a stroke of fortune, D.21.196: pl.,ἀρχαὶ πολισσονόμοι A.Ch. 864
(lyr.);τὰς ἐμὰς ἀρχὰς σέβων S.Ant. 744
, etc.: c. gen. rei, ; ἀ. τῶν νεῶν, τῆς θαλάσσης, power over them, Th.3.90, X.Ath.2.7, etc.: prov., ἀ. ἄνδρα δείξει Biasap.Arist.EN 1130a1, cf. D.Prooem.48; method of government,οὐδὲ τὴν ἄλλην ἀ. ἐπαχθής Th.6.54
.2 empire, realm, Κύρου, Περδίκκου ἀ., Hdt.1.91, Th.4.128, etc.3 magistracy, office, ἀρχὴν ἄρχειν, παραλαμβάνειν, Hdt.3.80, 4.147;καταστήσας τὰς ἀ. καὶ ἄρχοντας ἐπιστήσας Id.3.89
; εἰς ἀ. καθίστασθαι Th.8.70; εἰς τὴν ἀ. εἰσιέναι D.59.72, etc.; ἀ. λαχεῖν to obtain an office, Id.57.25;Ἑλληνοταμίαι τότε πρῶτον κατέστη ἀ. Th.1.96
;ἐνιαύσιος ἀ. Id.6.54
; ἀ. χειροτονητή, κληρωτή, Lex ap.Aeschin.1.21; withsg. Noun,Κυθηροδίκης ἀ. ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης διέβαινεν αὐτόσε Th.4.53
; term of office, ;ἀρχαὶ καὶ λειτουργίαι POxy.119.16
(iii A.D.).4 in pl., the authorities, the magistrates,Th.
5.47, cf. Decr. ap. And.1.83; ἐν ταῖς ἀ. εἶναι Th.6.54; ἡ ἀρχή collectively, 'the board', D.47.22, cf. IG1.229, etc.;παραδιδόναι τινὰ τῇ ἀ. Antipho5.48
; but ἡ ἀ., of a single magistrate, PHal.1.226 (iii B.C.); κατ' ἀρχῆς γὰρ φιλαίτιος λεώς against authority, A.Supp. 485;πομποὺς ἀρχάς Id.Ag. 124
(anap.).6 pl., heavenly powers, Ep.Rom.8.38, al., cf. Dam. Pr.96; powers of evil, Ep.Eph.6.12, al.III = εἶδος μελίσσης ἀκέντρου, Hsch. -
9 ἄν
ἄν (A), [pron. full] [ᾰ], [dialect] Ep., Lyr., [dialect] Ion., Arc., [dialect] Att.; also κεν) [dialect] Ep., [dialect] Aeol., Thess., κᾱ [dialect] Dor., [dialect] Boeot., El.; the two combined in [dialect] Ep. (infr. D. 11.2) and Arc.,Aεἰκ ἄν IG5(2).6.2
, 15 (iv B. C.):—modal Particle used with Verbs to indicate that the action is limited by circumstances or defined by conditions. In Hom. κε is four times as common as ἄν, in Lyr. about equally common. No clear distinction can be traced, but κε as an enclitic is somewhat less emphatic; ἄν is preferred by Hom. in negative clauses, κε ([etym.] ν) with the relative.A In Simple Sentences, and in the Apodosis of Compound Sentences; here ἄν belongs to the Verb, and denotes that the assertion made by the Verb is dependent on a condition, expressed or implied: thus ἦλθεν he came, ἦλθεν ἄν he would have come (under conditions, which may or may not be defined), and so he might have come; ἔλθοι may he come, ἔλθοι ἄν he would come (under certain conditions), and so he might come.I WITH INDICATIVE:1 with historical tenses, generally [tense] impf. and [tense] aor., less freq. [tense] plpf., never [tense] pf., v. infr.,a most freq. in apodosis of conditional sentences, with protasis implying nonfulfilment of a past or present condition, and apod. expressing what would be or would have been the case if the condition were or had been fulfilled. The [tense] impf. with ἄν refers to continued action, in Hom. always in past time, exc. perh. . 178; later also in [tense] pres. time, first in Thgn.905; πολὺ ἂν θαυμαστότερον ἦν, εἰ ἐτιμῶντο it would be far more strange if they were honoured, Pl.R. 489a; οὐκ ἂν νήσων ἐκράτει, εἰ μή τι καὶ ναυτικὸν εἶχεν he would not have been master of islands if he had not had also some naval power, Th.1.9. The [tense] aor. strictly refers only to past time, Pi.N.11.24, etc.; εἰ τότε ταύτην ἔσχε τὴν γνώμην, οὐδὲν ἂν ὧν νυνὶ πεποίηκεν ἔπραξεν if he had then come to this opinion, he would have accomplished nothing of what he has now done, D.4.5, al., but is used idiomatically with Verbs of saying, answering, etc., as we say I should have said,εἰ μὴ πατὴρ ἦσθ', εἶπον ἄν σ' οὐκ εὖ φρονεῖν S.Ant. 755
, cf. Pl.Smp. 199d, Euthphr. 12d, etc.: the [tense] plpf. refers to completed actions, as ὃ εἰ ἀπεκρίνω, ἱκανῶς ἂν ἤδη παρὰ σοῦ τὴν ὁσιότητα ἐμεμαθήκη I should have already learnt.., ib. 14c;εἰ ὁ ἀνὴρ ἀπέθανεν, δικαίως ἂν ἐτεθνήκει Antipho 4.2.3
.b the protasis is freq. understood: ὑπό κεν ταλασίφρονά περ δέος εἷλεν fear would have seized even the stout-hearted (had he heard the sound), Il.4.421; τὸ γὰρ ἔρυμα τῷ στρατοπέδῳ οὐκ ἂν ἐτειχίσαντο they would not have built the wall (if they had not won a battle), Th.1.11; πολλοῦ γὰρ ἂν ἦν ἄξια for (if that were so) they would be worth much, Pl.R. 374d; οὐ γὰρ ἦν ὅ τι ἂν ἐποιεῖτε for there was nothing which you could have done, i. e. would have done (if you had tried), D.18.43.c with no definite protasis understood, to express what would have been likely to happen, or might have happened in past time: ἢ γάρ μιν ζωόν γε κιχήσεαι, ἤ κεν Ὀρέστης κτεῖνεν ὑποφθάμενος for either you will find him alive, or else Orestes may already have killed him before you, Od.4.546; ὃ θεασάμενος πᾶς ἄν τις ἀνὴρ ἠράσθη δάϊος εἶναι every man who saw this (the 'Seven against Thebes') would have longed to be a warrior, Ar. Ra. 1022; esp. with τάχα, q. v., ἀλλ' ἦλθε μὲν δὴ τοῦτο τοὔνειδος τάχ' ἂν ὀργῇ βιασθὲν μᾶλλον ἢ γνώμῃ φρενῶν, i. e. it might perhaps have come, S.OT 523; τάχα ἂν δὲ καὶ ἄλλως πως ἐσπλεύσαντες (sc. διέβησαν ) and they might also perhaps have crossed by sea (to Sicily) in some other way, Th.6.2, cf. Pl.Phdr. 265b.d ἄν is freq. omitted in apodosi with Verbs expressing obligation, propriety, or possibility, as ἔδει, ἐχρῆν, εἰκὸς ἦν, etc., and sts. for rhetorical effect, εἰ μὴ.. ᾖσμεν, φόβον παρέσχεν it had caused (for it would have caused) fear, E.Hec. 1113. This use becomes more common in later Gk.2 with [tense] fut. ind.:a frequently in [dialect] Ep., usu. with κεν, rarely ἄν, Il.9.167, 22.66, indicating a limitation or condition, ὁ δέ κεν κεχολώσεται ὅν κεν ἵκωμαι and he will likely be angry to whom- soever I shall come, ib.1.139; καί κέ τις ὧδ' ἐρέει and in that case men will say, 4.176;ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι καταλέξω Od.3.80
; so in Lyr.,μαθὼν δέ τις ἂν ἐρεῖ Pi.N.7.68
, cf. I.6(5).59.b rarely in codd. of [dialect] Att. Prose writers,σαφὲς ἂν καταστήσετε Th.1.140
;οὐχ ἥκει, οὐδ' ἂν ἥξει δεῦρο Pl.R. 615d
, cf. Ap. 29c, X.An.2.5.13; dub. in Hp.Mul.2.174: in later Prose, Philostr. V A2.21, S E.M.9.225: also in Poetry, E.El. 484, Ar.Av. 1313;οὐκ ἂν προδώσω Herod.6.36
(corr. - δοίην):— for ἄν with [tense] fut. inf. and part. v. infr.II WITH SUBJUNCTIVE, only in [dialect] Ep., the meaning being the same as with the [tense] fut. ind. (1.2a), freq. with [ per.] 1st pers., as εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώῃσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι in that case I will take her myself, Il.1.324; πείθευ, ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι εἰδέω χάριν obey and if so I will be grateful, 14.235 (the subj. is always introduced by δέ in this usage); also with other persons, giving emphasis to the future, , al.III WITH OPTATIVE (never [tense] fut., rarely [tense] pf. πῶς ἂν λελήθοι [με]; X.Smp.3.6):a in apodosis of conditional sentences, after protasis in opt. with εἰ or some other conditional or relative word, expressing a [tense] fut. condition:ἀλλ' εἴ μοί τι πίθοιο, τό κεν πολὺ κέρδιον εἴη Il.7.28
;οὐ πολλὴ ἂν ἀλογία εἴη, εἰ φοβοῖτο τὸν θάνατον; Pl.Phd. 68b
:—in Hom. [tense] pres. and [tense] aor. opt. with κε or ἄν are sts. used like [tense] impf. and [tense] aor. ind. with ἄν in Attic, with either regular ind. or another opt. in the protasis: καί νύ κεν ἔνθ' ἀπόλοιτο.. εἰ μὴ.. νόησε κτλ., i. e. he would have perished, had she not perceived, etc., Il.5.311, cf. 5.388, 17.70; εἰ νῦν ἐπὶ ἄλλῳ ἀεθλεύοιμεν, ἦ τ' ἂν ἐγὼ.. κλισίηνδε φεροίμην if we were now contending in another's honour, I should now carry.., ib.23.274: so rarely in Trag., οὐδ' ἂν σὺ φαίης, εἴ σε μὴ κνίζοι λέχος (for εἰ μὴ ἔκνιζε) E.Med. 568.b with protasis in [tense] pres. or [tense] fut., the opt. with ἄν in apodosi takes a simply future sense: φρούριον δ' εἰ ποιήσονται, τῆς μὲν γῆς βλάπτοιεν ἄν τι μέρος they might perhaps damage, Th.1.142, cf. 2.60, Pl.Ap. 25b, R. 333e;ἢν οὖν μάθῃς.. οὐκ ἂν ἀποδοίην Ar.Nu. 116
, cf. D.1.26, al.c with protasis understood:φεύγωμεν· ἔτι γάρ κεν ἀλύξαιμεν κακὸν ἦμαρ Od.10.269
; οὔτε ἐσθίουσι πλείω ἢ δύνανται φέρειν· διαρραγεῖεν γὰρ ἄν for (if they should do so) they would burst, X. Cyr.8.2.21; τὸν δ' οὔ κε δύ' ἀνέρε.. ἀπ' οὔδεος ὀχλίσσειαν two men could not heave the stone from the ground, i. e. would not, if they should try, Il.12.447; , cf. D.2.8: in Hom. sts. with ref. to past time, .d with no definite protasis implied, in potential sense: ἡδέως δ' ἂν ἐροίμην Λεπτίνην but I would gladly ask Leptines, D.20.129; βουλοίμην ἄν I should like , Lat. velim (but ἐβουλόμην ἄν I should wish, if it were of any avail, vellem); ποῖ οὖν τραποίμεθ' ἄν; which way then can we turn? Pl.Euthd. 290a; οὐκ ἂν μεθείμην τοῦ θρόνου I will not give up the throne, Ar.Ra. 830; idiomatically, referring to the past, αὗται δὲ οὐκ ἂν πολλαὶ εἶεν but these would not (on investigation) prove to be many, Th.1.9; εἴησαν δ' ἂν οὗτοι Κρῆτες these would be (i. e. would have been) Cretans, Hdt.1.2: used in order to soften assertions by giving them a less positive form, as οὐκ ἂν οὖν πάνυ γέ τι σπουδαῖον εἴη ἡ δικαιοσύνη, i.e. it would not prove to be, etc. (for, it is not, etc.), Pl.R. 333e.e in questions, expressing a wish:τίς ἂν θεῶν.. δοίη; S.OC 1100
, cf.A.Ag. 1448;πῶς ἂν θάνοιμι; S.Aj. 389
: hence (with no question) as a mild command, exhortation, or entreaty, ; σὺ μὲν κομίζοις ἂν σεαυτὸν ᾗ θέλεις you may take yourself off (milder than κόμιζε σεαυτόν), S.Ant. 444; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω you may go in, El. 1491; κλύοις ἂν ἤδη, Φοῖβε hear me now, Phoebus, ib. 637; φράζοις ἄν, λέγοις ἄν, Pl.Phlb. 23c, 48b.f in a protasis which is also an apodosis: εἴπερ ἄλλῳ τῳ ἀνθρώπων πειθοίμην ἄν, καὶ σοὶ πείθομαι if I would trust any (other) man (if he gave me his word), I trust you, Id.Prt. 329b; εἰ μὴ ποιήσαιτ' ἂν τοῦτο if you would not do this (if you could), D.4.18, cf. X.Mem.1.5.3, Plot.6.4.16.g rarely omitted with opt. in apodosis: , cf. 14.123, Il.5.303; also in Trag.,θᾶσσον ἢ λέγοι τις E.Hipp. 1186
;τεὰν δύνασιν τίς.. κατάσχοι; S.Ant. 605
.h ἄν c. [tense] fut. opt. is prob. always corrupt (cf. 1.2b), as τὸν αὐτὸν ἂν ἐπαινέσοι ( ἐπαινέσαι Bekk.) Pl.Lg. 719e; εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐδέν' ἂν καταλήψοιτο ( οὐδένα Bekk.) Lys.1.22.IV WITH INF. and PART. (sts. ADJ. equivalent to part.,τῶν δυνατῶν ἂν κρῖναι Pl.R. 577b
) representing ind. or opt.:1 [tense] pres. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] impf. ind., οἴεσθε τὸν πατέρα.. οὐκ ἂν φυλάττειν; do you think he would not have kept them safe? ([etym.] οὐκ ἂν ἐφύλαττεν), D.49.35; ἀδυνάτων ἂν ὄντων [ὑμῶν] ἐπιβοηθεῖν when you would have been unable, Th.1.73, cf. 4.40.b representing [tense] pres. opt., πόλλ' ἂν ἔχων (representing ἔχοιμ' ἄν)ἕτερ' εἰπεῖν παραλείπω D. 18.258
, cf. X.An.2.3.18: with Art., .2 [tense] aor. inf. or part.:a representing [tense] aor. ind., οὐκ ἂν ἡγεῖσθ' αὐτὸν κἂν ἐπιδραμεῖν; do you not think he would even have run thither? ([etym.] καὶ ἐπέδραμεν ἄν), D.27.56; ἴσμεν ὑμᾶς ἀναγκασθέντας ἄν we know you would have been compelled, Th.1.76, cf. 3.89; ῥᾳδίως ἂν ἀφεθείς when he might easily have been acquitted, X.Mem.4.4.4.b representing [tense] aor. opt., οὐδ' ἂν κρατῆσαι αὐτοὺς τῆς γῆς ἡγοῦμαι I think they would not even be masters of the land ([etym.] οὐδ' ἂν κρατήσειαν), Th.6.37, cf. 2.20; ὁρῶν ῥᾳδίως ἂν αὐτὸ ληφθέν ([etym.] ληφθείη ἄν) Id.7.42; οὔτε ὄντα οὔτε ἂν γενόμενα, i.e. things which are not and never could happen ([etym.] ἃ οὔτε ἂν γένοιτο), Id.6.38.3 [tense] pf. inf. or part. representing:a [tense] plpf. ind., πάντα ταῦθ' ὑπὸ τῶν βαρβάρων ἂν ἑαλωκέναι ([etym.] φήσειεν ἄν ) he would say that all these would have been destroyed by the barbarians ([etym.] ἑαλώκη ἄν), D.19.312.b [tense] pf. opt., οὐκ ἂν ἡγοῦμαι αὐτοὺς δίκην ἀξίαν δεδωκέναι, εἰ.. καταψηφίσαισθε I do not believe they would (then) have suffered ([etym.] δεδωκότες ἂν εἶεν) punishment enough, etc., Lys.27.9.4 [tense] fut. inf.or part., never in [dialect] Ep., and prob. always corrupt in [dialect] Att., νομίζων μέγιστον ἂν σφᾶς ὠφελήσειν (leg. - ῆσαι) Th.5.82, cf. 6.66, 8.25,71; part. is still more exceptional, (codd.), cf. D.19.342 (v. l.); both are found in later Gk.,νομίσαντες ἂν οἰκήσειν οὕτως ἄριστα Plb.8.30.8
, cf. Plu.Marc.15, Arr.An.2.2.3; with part., Epicur. Nat.14.1, Luc.Asin.26, Lib.Or.62.21, dub. l. in Arr.An.6.6.5.I In the protasis of conditional sentences with εἰ, regularly with the subjunctive. In Attic εἰ ἄν is contracted into ἐάν, ἤν, or ἄν ([etym.] ᾱ) (q. v.): Hom. has generally εἴ κε (or αἴ κε), sts. ἤν, onceεἰ δ' ἄν Il.3.288
, twiceεἴπερ ἄν 5.224
, 232. The protasis expresses either future condition (with apod. of [tense] fut. time) or general condition (with apod. of repeated action): εἰ δέ κεν ὣς ἔρξῃς καί τοι πείθωνται Ἀχαιοί, γνώσῃ ἔπειθ' ὅς .. if thus thou shalt do.., ib.2.364; ἢν ἐγγὺς ἔλθῃ θάνατος, οὐδεὶς βούλεται θνῄσκειν if death (ever) come near.., E.Alc. 671.2 in relative or temporal clauses with a conditional force; here ἄν coalesces with ὅτε, ὁπότε, ἐπεί, ἐπειδή, cf. ὅταν, ὁπόταν, ἐπήν or ἐπάν ([dialect] Ion. ἐπεάν) , ἐπειδάν: Hom. has ὅτε κε (sts. ὅτ' ἄν) , ὁππότε κε (sts. ὁπότ' ἄν or ὁππότ' ἄν) , ἐπεί κε (ἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
), ἐπήν, εὖτ' ἄν; v. also εἰσόκε ([etym.] εἰς ὅ κε):—τάων ἥν κ' ἐθέλωμι φίλην ποιήσομ' ἄκοιτιν whomsoever of these I may wish.., Il.9.397; ὅταν δὴ μὴ σθένω, πεπαύσομαι when I shall have no strength.., S.Ant.91; ἐχθρὸς γάρ μοι κεῖνος.. ὅς χ' ἕτερον μὲν κεύθῃ ἐνὶ φρεσίν, ἄλλο δὲ εἴπῃ who ever conceals one thing in his mind and speaks another, Il.9.312, cf. D.4.6, Th.1.21. —Hom. uses subj. in both the above constructions (1 and 2 ) without ἄν; also Trag. and Com., S.Aj. 496, Ar.Eq. 805; μέχρι and πρίν occasionally take subj. without ἄν in prose, e.g. Th.1.137,4.16 ([etym.] μέχρι οὗ), Pl.Phd. 62c, Aeschin.3.60.3 in final clauses introduced by relative Advbs., as ὡς, ὅπως (of Manner), ἵνα (of Place), ὄφρα, ἕως, etc. (of Time), freq. in [dialect] Ep.,σαώτερος ὥς κε νέηαι Il.1.32
;ὄφρα κεν εὕδῃ Od.3.359
;ὅπως ἂν εἰδῇ.. φράσω A.Pr. 824
;ὅπως ἂν φαίνηται κάλλιστος Pl.Smp. 198e
; (where ὅπως with [tense] fut. ind. is the regular constr.); also after ὡς in Hdt., Trag., X.An.2.5.16, al., once in Th.6.91 (but [tense] fut. ind. is regular in [dialect] Att.); ἵνα final does not take ἄν or κε exc.ἵνα εἰδότες ἤ κε θάνωμεν ἤ κεν.. φύγοιμεν Od.12.156
( ἵνα = where in S.OC 405). μή, = lest, takes ἄν only with opt. in apodosis, as S.Tr. 631, Th.2.93.II in [dialect] Ep. sts. with OPTATIVE as with subj. (always κε ([etym.] ν), exc.εἴ περ ἂν αὐταὶ Μοῦσαι ἀείδοιεν Il.2.597
),εἴ κεν Ἄρης οἴχοιτο Od.8.353
; ὥς κε.. δοίη ᾧ κ' ἐθέλοι that he might give her to whomsoever he might please, ib.2.54: so in Hdt. in final clauses, 1.75,99:—in Od.23.135 ὥς κέν τις φαίη, κέν belongs to Verb in apod., as inὡς δ' ἂν ἥδιστα ταῦτα φαίνοιτο X.Cyr.7.5.81
.2 rarely in oratio obliqua, where a relat. or temp. word retains an ἄν which it would have with subj. in direct form, S.Tr. 687, X.Mem.1.2.6, Isoc.17.15;ἐπειδὰν δοκιμασθείην D.30.6
:—similarly after a preceding opt.,οὐκ ἀποκρίναιο ἕως ἂν.. σκέψαιο Pl.Phd. 101d
.III rarely with εἰ and INDICATIVE in protasis, only in [dialect] Ep.:1 with [tense] fut. ind. as with subj.:αἴ κεν Ἰλίου πεφιδήσεται Il.15.213
:—so with relat.,οἵ κέ με τιμήσουσι 1.175
.2 with εἰ and a past tense of ind., once in Hom.,εἰ δέ κ' ἔτι προτέρω γένετο δρόμος Il.23.526
; so Ζεὺς γάρ κ' ἔθηκε νῆσον εἴ κ' ἐβούλετο Orac. ap. Hdt.1.174, cf. Ar.Lys. 1099 (cod. R), A.R.1.197.IV in later Greek, ἄν with relative words is used with INDICATIVE in all tenses, asὅπου ἂν εἰσεπορεύετο Ev.Marc.6.56
;ὅσ' ἂν πάσχετε PFay. 136
(iv A. D.);ἔνθ' ἂν πέφυκεν ἡ ὁλότης εἶναι Phlp. in Ph.436.19
; cf. ἐάν, ὅταν.C with [tense] impf. and more rarely [tense] aor. ind. in ITERATIVE construction, to express elliptically a condilion fulfilled whenever an opportumty offered; freq. in Hdt. (not in Pi. or A.), κλαίεσκε ἂν καὶ ὀδυρέσκετο she would (i. e. used to) weep and lament, 3.119;εἶτα πῦρ ἂν οὐ παρῆν S.Ph. 295
; εἴ τινες ἴδοιεν.., ἀνεθάρσησαν ἄν whenever they saw it, on each occasion, Th.7.71;διηρώτων ἂν αὐτοὺς τί λέγοιεν Pl.Ap. 22b
: inf. representing [tense] impf. of this constr., ἀκούω Λακεδαιμονίους τότε ἐμβαλόντας ἂν.. ἀναχωρεῖν, i. e. I hear they used to retire ([etym.] ἀνεχώρουν ἄν), D.9.48.D GENERAL REMARKS:I POSITION OF ἄν.1 in A, when ἄν does not coalesce with the relat. word (as in ἐάν, ὅταν), it follows directly or is separated only by other particles, as μέν, δέ, τε, ga/r, kai/, νυ, περ, etc.; asεἰ μέν κεν.. εἰ δέ κε Il.3.281
-4; rarely by τις, asὅποι τις ἄν, οἶμαι, προσθῇ D.2.14
:—in Hom. and Hes. two such Particles may precede κε, asεἴ περ γάρ κεν Od.8.355
, cf. Il.2.123; εἰ γάρ τίς κε, ὃς μὲν γάρ κε, Hes.Op. 280, 357; rarely in Prose,ὅποι μὲν γὰρ ἄν D.4.45
;ὁπότερος οὖν ἄν Ar.Ra. 1420
: alsoὁπόσῳ πλέον ἄν Pl.Lg. 647e
, cf. 850a; .2 in apodosis, ἄν may stand either next to its Verb (before or after it), or after some other emphatic word, esp. an interrog., a negative (e. g. οὐδ' ἂν εἷς, οὐκ ἂν ἔτι, etc.), or an important Adjective or Adverb; also after a participle which represents the protasis, λέγοντος ἄν τινος πιστεῦσαι οἴεσθε; do you think they would have believed it if any one had told them? ([etym.] εἴ τις ἔλεγεν, ἐπίστευσαν ἄν), D.6.20.3 ἄν is freq. separated from its inf. by such Verbs as οἴομαι, δοκέω, φημί, οἶδα, etc., οὐκ ἂν οἴει .. ; freq. in Pl., Grg. 486d, al.; καὶ νῦν ἡδέως ἄν μοι δοκῶ κοινωνῆσαι I think that I should, X.Cyr.8.7.25;οὕτω γὰρ ἄν μοι δοκεῖ ἥ τε πόλις ἄριστα διοικεῖσθαι Aeschin.3.2
; ἃ μήτε προῄδει μηδεὶς μήτ' ἂν ᾠήθη τήμερον ῥηθῆναι (where ἄν belongs to ῥηθῆναι) D. 18.225:—in the phrase οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ, or οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ, ἄν belongs not to οἶδα, but to the Verb which follows, οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ πείσαιμι, for οὐκ οἶδα εἰ πείσαιμι ἄν, E.Med. 941, cf. Alc.48;οὐκ ἂν οἶδ' εἰ δυναίμην Pl. Ti. 26b
;οὐκ οἶδ' ἂν εἰ ἐκτησάμην X.Cyr.5.4.12
.4 ἄν never begins a sentence, or even a clause after a comma, but may stand first after a parenthetic clause,ἀλλ', ὦ μέλ', ἄν μοι σιτίων διπλῶν ἔδει Ar. Pax
<*>37.II REPETITION OF ἄν:—in apodosis ἄν may be used twice or even three times with the same Verb, either to make the condition felt throughout a long sentence, or to emphasize certain words,ὥστ' ἄν, εἰ σθένος λάβοιμι, δηλώσαιμ' ἄν S.El. 333
, cf. Ant.69, A.Ag. 340, Th.1.76 (fin.), 2.41, Pl.Ap. 31a, Lys.20.15; , cf. S.Fr. 739; attached to a parenthetical phrase, ἔδρασ' ἄν, εὖ τοῦτ' ἴσθ' ἄν, εἰ .. Id.OT 1438.2 ἄν is coupled with κε ([etym.] ν ) a few times in Hom., as Il.11.187, 202, Od.5.361, al.; cf. ἤν περ γάρ κ' ἐθέλωσιν v.l. ib.18.318.III ELLIPSIS OF VERB:—sts. the Verb to which ἄν belongs must be supplied, in Hom. only εἰμί, as τάτ' ἔλδεται ὅς κ' ἐπιδευής (sc. ᾖ) Il.5.481; ἀλλ' οὐκ ἂν πρὸ τοῦ (sc. ἔρρεγκον) Ar.Nu.5; τί δ' ἂν δοκεῖ σοι Πρίαμος (sc. πρᾶξαι), εἰ τάδ' ἤνυσεν; A.Ag. 935
:—so in phrases like πῶς γὰρ ἄν; and πῶς οὐκ ἄν (sc. εἴη); also in ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ (or ὡσπερανεί), as φοβούμενος ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ παῖς (i. e. ὥσπερ ἂν ἐφοβήθη εἰ παῖς ἦν) Pl.Grg. 479a; so τοσοῦτον ἐφρόνησαν, ὅσον περ ἂν (sc. ἐφρόνησαν)εἰ.. Isoc.10.48
:—so also when κἂν εἰ ( = καὶ ἂν εἰ) has either no Verb in the apod. or one to which ἄν cannot belong, Pl.R. 477a, Men. 72c; cf. κἄν:—so the Verb of a protasis containing ἄν may be understood, ὅποι τις ἂν προσθῇ, κἂν μικρὰν δύναμιν (i. e. καὶ ἐὰν προσθῇ) D.2.14; ὡς ἐμοῦ οὖν ἰόντος ὅπῃ ἂν καὶ ὑμεῖς (sc. ἴητε) X.An.1.3.6.IV ELLIPSIS OF ἄν:—when an apodosis consists of several co-ordinate clauses, ἄν is generally used only in the first and understood in the others:πείθοι' ἂν εἰ πείθοι'· ἀπειθοίης δ' ἴσως A.Ag. 1049
: even when the construction is continued in a new sentence, Pl.R. 352e, cf. 439b codd.: but ἄν is repeated for the sake of clearness or emphasis, ib. 398a, cf. D.19.156 (where an opt. is implied with the third ὡς): rarely expressed with the second of two co-ordinate Verbs and understood with the first, τοῦτον ἂν.. θαρσοίην ἐγὼ καλῶς μὲν ἄρχειν, εὖ δ' ἂν ἄρχεσθαι θέλειν (i. e. καλῶς μὲν ἂν ἄρχοι, εὖ δ' ἂν θέλοι ἄρχεσθαι) S.Ant. 669.------------------------------------ἄν (B), [pron. full] [ᾱ], [dialect] Att.,A = ἐάν, ἤν, Th.4.46 codd., al.; freq. in Pl.,ἂν σωφρονῇ Phd. 61b
; ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ ib. 80d, cf. D.4.50;ἄν τ'.. ἄν τε Arist. Ath.48.4
: not common in earlier [dialect] Att. Inscrr., IG1.2a5, 2.179b49, al.: but freq. later, SIG1044.27 (iv/iii B. C.), PPetr.2p.47 (iii B. C.), PPar.32.19 (ii B. C.), PTeb.110.8 (i B. C.), Ev.Jo.20.23, etc.------------------------------------ἄν (C) or [full] ἀν, Epic form of ἀνά, q. v.------------------------------------ -
10 ἐπεί
A OF TIME ( ἐπειδή is more freq. in this sense in Prose), after that, since, when, from Hom. downwds.:I with Ind.,1 of a definite occurrence in past time, mostly c. [tense] aor., ἐπεί π' εὔξαντο after they had prayed, Il.1.458; afterD.
had died and A. had succeeded, X.An.1.1.3: rarely c. [tense] impf.,ἐπειδὴ εἱστιώμεθ' Ar.Nu. 1354
;ἐ. πόντον εἰσεβάλλομεν E.IT 260
;ἐ. ἠσθένει Δαρεῖος X.An.1.1.1
: c. [tense] plpf., ἐπειδὴ ἐξηπάτησθε.. after you had been deceived.., D.18.42; but generally the [tense] aor. is found, the [tense] plpf. being used only for special emphasis: c. [tense] impf. to express an action not yet complete, ἐπεὶ ὑπηντίαζεν ἡ φάλαγξ καὶ ἡ σάλπιγξ ἐφθέγξατο after the phalanx began to advance and the trumpet had sounded, X.An.6.5.27.2 with implied reference to some later time, ἐ. or ἐπειδή, = ἐξ οὗ, from the time when, since, mostly c. [tense] aor.,πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐ. ἔπερσε Od.1.2
; ἐπείτε παρέλαβον τὸν θρόνον, τοῦτο ἐφρόντιζον ever since I came to the throne, I had this in mind, Hdt.7.8.ά; ἐπειδήπερ ὑπέστη Th.8.68
;δέκατον μὲν ἔτος τόδ' ἐ... ἦραν A.Ag. 40
: sts. c. [tense] pres. (used in [tense] pf. sense) and [tense] pf., ἐ. δὲ φροῦδός ἐστι στρατός since the army is gone, S.Ant.15; ἐπείτε ὑπὸ τῷ Πέρσῃ εἰσί, πεπόνθασι τοιόνδε ever since they have been, now that they are.., Hdt.3.117.II with Subj., ἄν being always added in [dialect] Att. Prose, and ἄν or κε generally in Poetry: ἐπεί with ἄν becomes ἐπήν (so in Com., Ar.Lys. 1175,Av. 983), later ἐπάν (q.v.), [dialect] Ion. (vi B.C.), Hdt.3.153, al.,ἐπήν Hp.Fract.6
, al., and ἐπειδή with ἄν ἐπειδάν (q.v.); Hom. has ἐπεί κε, ἐπήν (onceἐπεὶ ἄν Il.6.412
):1 referring to future time with [tense] fut. apodosis, τέκνα ἄξομεν.. ἐπὴν πτολίεθρον ἕλωμεν when we shall have taken the city, Il.4.238;ἐ. κ' ἀπὸ λαὸς ὄληται 11.764
. cf. Od.17.23;ἐπεάν περ ἡμίονοι τέκωσι, τότε τὸ τεῖχος ἁλώσεσθαι Hdt.3.153
; ταῦτ', ἐπειδὰν περὶ τοῦ γένους εἴπω, τότ' ἐρῶ I will speak of this, when I have spoken.., D.57.16, cf. X.An.2.3.29;ἐ. ἂν σύ γε πότ μον ἐπίσπῃς Il.6.412
; χρὴ δέ, ὅταν μὲν τιθῆσθε τοὺς νόμους,.. σκοπεῖν, ἐπειδὰν δὲ θῆσθε, φυλάττειν whenever you are enacting your laws,.. and after you have enacted them.., D.21.34.2 of repeated action, with a [tense] pres. apodosis, whenever, when once,δαμνᾷ, ἐ. κε λίπῃ ὀστέα θυμός Od.11.221
, cf. Il.9.409; ἐπειδὰν ἡ ἐκφορὰ ᾖ.. ἄγουσι whenever the burial takes place they bring, Th.2.34; ἐπειδὰν κρύψωσι γῇ.. λέγει when they have covered them with earth, ibid.: sts. without ἄν or κε in Poets,ἐ. ἂρ βλέφαρ' ἀμφικαλύψῃ Od.20.86
;ἐ. δὴ τόν γε δαμάσσεται.. ὀϊστός Il.11.478
, cf. S.OC 1225 (lyr.), Ant. 1025.3 like A.1.2, δέκα ἡμερῶν ἐπειδὰν δόξῃ within ten days from the passing of the resolution, IG12.88.7.III with Opt. (without ἄν):1 referring to future time, ἐπειδὴ πρὸς τὸ φῶς ἔλθοι, ὁρᾶν οὐδ' ἂν ἓν δύνασθαι (sc. οὐκ οἴει); after he had come into the light.., Pl.R. 516a: Hom. sts. uses ἐπήν with opt. in same sense as ἐπεί, Il.24.227, Od.2.105 (codd.), etc.2 more freq. of repeated action, with a past apodosis,ἐ. ζεύξειεν.., δησάσκετο Il.24.14
;ἐπειδὴ δέ τι ἐμφάγοιεν, ἀνίσταντο X.An.4.5.9
;ἐ. πύθοιτο, ἐπῄνει Id.Cyr.5.3.55
, cf. Th.8.38, Pl.Phd. 59d, Prt. 315b.3 in orat. obliq. after past tenses, representing a subj. in orat. rect., αὐτὸς δὲ ἐπεὶ διαβαίης, ἀπιέναι ἔφησθα (the direct form being ἐπὴν διαβῶ) X.An. 7.2.27, cf. 3.5.18, Cyr.1.4.21; after opt. in a final clause, ἐπορεύοντο,ὅπως ἐπειδὴ γένοιντο ἐπὶ τῷ ποταμῷ.. ἴοιεν Th.7.80
.4 by assimilation to opt. in principal clause,ἦ τ' ἂν.. νῦν μὲν ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν.. ἐπὴν τεισαίμεθα λώβην Il.19.208
; .5 ἐπειδάν c. opt. is f.l. in some passages of early authors, as X.Cyr.1.3.11, D.30.6 (c. ind., Plb.13.7.8): found in later Gr., Agath.2.5, al., Zos.5.18.10.IV with Inf., only in orat. obliq., ἐπειδὴ δὲ κατὰ σχολὴν σκέψασθαι, κόπτεσθαι (sc. ἔφη) Pl.R. 619c, cf.Smp. 174d, Hdt.4.10, 7.150.V with other words:1 ἐ. τάχιστα as soon as, freq. separated by a word,ἐ. ἦλθε τάχιστα,.. ἀπέδοτο X.An.7.2.6
;ἐ. δὲ τάχιστα διέβη Id.Cyr.3.3.22
;ἐ. θᾶττον Arist.Pol. 1284a40
;ἐ. εὐθέως X.HG3.2.4
;ἐ... αὐτίκα Pi.N.1.35
;ἐπειδὴ τάχιστα Pl.Prt. 310c
, D.27.16;ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα Hdt.8.144
, X.An.3.1.9; rarelyἐπειδὴ θᾶττον D.37.41
;ἐπειδὰν θᾶττον Pl.Prt. 325c
.2 with emphatic Particles, ἐπεὶ ἄρα when then, in continuing a narrative, Il.6.426; ἐπεὶ οὖν when then, in resuming a narrative, 1.57, 3.4;ἐπεὶ ὦν Hdt.3.9
;ἐπεὶ γὰρ δή Id.9.90
, etc.B CAUSAL ( ἐπεί more freq. in this sense in early Prose: ἐπειδή whereas is used in preambles of decrees, IG22.103, etc.; inasmuch as, Ev. Luc.1.1
), since, seeing that, freq. from Hom. downwards:1 with Ind. (after both present and past tenses),ἐ. οὐδὲ ἔοικε Il.1.119
, cf. 153, 278, Pi.O.4.16, X.Mem.2.3.4;ἐπειδή Th.8.80
;ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἐθέλεις Pl.Prt. 335c
;νίκη δ' ἐπείπερ ἕσπετ', ἐμπέδως μένοι A.Ag. 854
; freq. with past tenses withἄν, ἐπεὶ οὔποτ' ἂν στόλον ἐπλεύσατ' ἄν S.Ph. 1037
;ἐπεὶ οὔ κεν ἀνιδρωτί γ' ἐτελέσθη Il.15.228
, cf. D. 18.49; οὐ γὰρ ἂν σθένοντά γε εἷλέν μ'· ἐπεὶ οὐδ' ἂν ὧδ' ἔχοντ' (sc. εἷλεν) S.Ph. 948: esp. in the sense, for otherwise.., Pi.O.9.29, S.OT 433, X.Mem.2.7.14, Herod.2.72, etc.: so c. [tense] fut., ἐξέστω δὲ μηδενὶ.. τεθῆναι.., ἐ. ἀποδώσει.. otherwise he shall pay.., Rev.Et.Anc.4.261 (near Smyrna): c. imper., ἐ. δίδαξον for teach me, S.El. 352, OC 969, cf. OT 390, Ar.V.73, Pl.Grg. 473e: with an interrog., ἐ. πῶς ἂν καλέσειας; for how would you call him? Ar.Nu. 688, cf. Pi.P.7.5, A.Ch. 214, S. Tr. 139 (lyr.);ὦ Ἀλκιβιάδη, ἐπειδὴ περὶ τίνος Ἀθηναῖοι διανοοῦνται βουλεύεσθαι, ἀνίστασαι συμβουλεύσων; Pl.Alc.1.106c
.2 c. Opt.,ἐ. ἂν μάλα τοι σχεδὸν ἔλθοι Il.9.304
, cf. S.Aj. 916; so after past tenses on the principle of orat. obliq., ἐπείπερ ἡγήσαιντο since (as they said) they believed, X.Mem.1.4.19.3 c. Inf. in orat. obliq.,ἐ. γιγνώσκειν γε αὐτά Pl.Prt. 353a
, cf. Hdt.8.111, Th.2.93.4 in elliptical expressions, ἀδύνατός [εἰμι], ἐ. ἐβουλόμην ἂν οἷός τ' εἶναι I am unable (and yet I am sorry), for I should like to have the power, Pl.Prt. 335c; so εἶμι· ἐ. καὶ ταῦτ' ἂν ἴσως οὐκ ἀηδῶς σου ἤκουον ibid. (here the sense may be given by and yet, although, cf. ib. 333c, 317a, Ap. 19e, Smp. 187a, Arist.EN 1121a19); ἐ. ὅ γε ἀποθανὼν πελάτης τις ἦν ἐμός and yet (moreover) the murdered man was my own hired man, Pl. Euthphr.4c.b sts. after a voc., where 'listen' may be supplied,Ἕκτορ, ἐ. με κατ' αἶσαν ἐνείκεσας Il.3.59
, cf. 13.68, Od.3.103, 211.5 with other Particles, ἐ. ἄρα, ἐ. ἂρ δή since then, Od.17.185; ἐ. γε (ἐπεί.. γε Il.1.352
, Hes. Th. 171), more emphatic than ἐ., since indeed, E.Cyc. 181, Hipp. 955; ἐπειδή γε ib. 946, Pl.Phd. 77d, D.54.29; sts. separated,ἐπειδή.. γε S.El. 631
, Pl.Phd. 87c;ἐ. γε δή Hdt.3.9
, S.Ant. 923,ἐπειδή γε καί Th.6.18
; ἐ. ἦ since in truth,ἐ. ἦ πολὺ φέρτερόν ἐστι Il.1.169
, cf. 156, Od.9.276; ἐπείπερ (ἐ... περ Il.13.447
, Od.20.181) in Trag. and Prose, A.Ag. 822, S.OC75, Pl.Phd. 114d; ἐπειδήπερ in Com. and Prose, Ar.Ach. 437, 495, Nu. 1412, Th.6.18, Pl.R. 350e; ἐ. τοι since surely, S.OC 433;ἐ. νύ τοι Il.1.416
;ἐ. τοι καί E. Med. 677
, Pl.R. 567e. [ἐ. sts. begins a verse in Hom., Il.22.379, Od. 4.13, 8.452, 21.25; sts. coalesces by synizesis with οὐ, οὐδέ, etc., S. Ph. 446, 948, etc.] -
11 ἵνα
ἵνα,A Adv.,I of Place,1 in that place, there, once in Hom.,ἵ. γάρ σφιν ἐπέφραδον ἠγερέθεσθαι Il.10.127
(acc.to Eust.).2 elsewh. relat., in which place, where, 2.558, Od.9.136, Hdt.2.133,9.27,54, Pi.O.1.95, B.10.79, A.Pr.21, al., S.El.22, 855, Ar.Ra. 1231, etc.: rarely in [dialect] Att. Prose, Lys.13.72 (v. infr.), Pl.Ap. 17c, Phlb. 61b; ἵ. ἡ Νίκη (sc. ἐστίν) IG22.1407.13: rare in later Greek, Arr.An.1.3.2, Luc.Cont.22, Ind.3: with particles,ἵ. τε Il.20.478
;ἵ. περ 24.382
, Od.13.364, Lys. l.c.; ἵν' ἄν c. subj., wherever, S.OC 405, E. Ion 315; as indirect interrog., Hdt.1.179, 2.150, E.Hec. 1008.b after Hom., like other Advs. of Place, c. gen.,ἵ. τῆς χώρης Hdt.1.98
; ἔμαθε ἵ. ἦν κακοῦ in what a calamity, Id.1.213;οὐδ' ὁρᾶν ἵν' ἐ̄ κακοῦ S.OT 367
; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας ib. 1442;ἵν' ἦμεν ἄτης Id.El. 936
; .c with Verbs of motion, whither, Od.4.821, al.;ὁρᾷς ἵν' ἥκεις S.OT 687
, al., Din.2.10;ιναπερ ὥρμητο Th. 4.74
.II of circumstance, γάμος.., ἵ. χρή at which, when, Od.6.27; ἵ. μὲν ἐξῆν αὐτοῖς.., ἐνταῦθα.. when it was in their power, Antipho 6.9.2 = ἐάν, dub. in Il.7.353 (v.l. ἵν' ἄν, cf. Sch.), Archil. 74.7 codd., v.l. in Din.1.1, and Pl.Chrm. 176b.B Final Conj., that, in order that, from Hom. downwards, mostly first word in the clause, but sts. preceded by an emphatic word, Pl.Chrm. 169d;ἵ. δή Il.7.26
, 23.207, Hdt.1.29, Pl.R. 420e, 610c: never with ἄν or κε (if found, these particles belong to the Verb, as in Od.12.156, E.IA 1579).I general usage:1 with subj.,a after primary tenses of ind., also subj. and imper.: [tense] pres. ind., Il.3.252, Od.2.111, X.Mem.3.2.3, Cyr.1.2.11, Isoc.3.2: [tense] pf. ind., Il.1.203, Isoc.4.129: [tense] fut., Od.2.307,4.591, X.Cyr.1.2.15; subj., S.OT 364; imper., Il.19.348,al., A.Pr.61, S.Ph. 880, Ar.Ra. 297, Pl.R. 341b, Men. 71d.b after historical tenses, in similes, where the [tense] aor. is gnomic, Od.5.490 ( αὔοι codd.); where [tense] aor. is treated as equiv. to [tense] pf., Il.9.99, Od.8.580, Hdt.5.91, Lys.1.4, D.9.26: when the purpose is regarded from the point of view of the speaker's present,σὲ παῖδα ποιεύμην ἵ. μοι.. λοιγὸν ἀμύνῃς Il.9.495
, cf. Hdt.1.29, 6.100, Th.1.44, al., Lys.1.11,12,al.c after opt. and ἄν, when opt. with οὐκ ἄν is used with sense of imper., Il.24.264, Od.6.58; after βουλοίμην ἄν.., Lys.7.12.2 with opt.,a after historical tenses, Il.5.3, Od.3.2, A. Th. 215, Lys.3.11, Pl.Prt. 314c, etc.: after the historical [tense] pres., E. Hec.11: sts. both moods, subj. and opt., follow in consecutive clauses, Od.3.77, Hdt.8.76,9.51, D.23.93,49.14.c rarely after primary tenses, by a shifting of the point of view, Od.17.250, Ar.Ra.24, Pl.R. 410c.3 with past tenses of ind.,a after unfulfilled wishes, Id.Cri. 44d.b after ind. with ἄν, to express a consequence which has not followed or cannot follow, S.OT 1389, Pl.Men. 89b, D.29.17: esp. after ἐβουλόμην ἄν.., Ar. V. 961, Lys.4.3.c after such Verbs as ἐχρῆν, ἔδει, E.Hipp. 647, Pl.Prt. 335c, Smp. 181e, Euthd. 304e, Isoc.9.5, D.24.48, Men.349.5, etc.: whenan unfulfilled obligation is implied, τεθαύμακα ὅτι οὐκ εἶπεν ( = ἔδει εἰπεῖν).. ἵ... Pl.Tht. 161c
; ἀντὶ τοῦ κοσμεῖν ( = δέον κοσμεῖν).. ἵ... D.36.47
.d after [tense] pres. ind. in general statements (including the past),οὐδὲ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι ἔχει ἡ ὕλη, ἱ. ἀγαθοῦ ταύτῃ μετεῖχεν Plot.1.8.5
.II special usages:1 like ὅπως, after Verbs of command and entreaty, is common only in later Gr. (but cf. Od.3.327 with ib.19), ἀξιοῦν ἵ... Decr. ap. D.18.155;δεήσεσθαι ἵ... D.H.1.83
;παρακαλεῖν ἵ... Arr.Epict.3.23.27
: freq. in NT,ἐκήρυξαν ἵ. μετανοήσωσιν Ev.Marc.6.12
, al.; of will, ὅσα ἐὰν θέλητε ἵ. ποιῶσιν.. ib.25: hence ἵ. c. subj. stands for infin., ἐν τούτῳ ἵ. καρπὸν φέρητε ( = ἐν τῷ φέρειν) Ev.Jo.15.8, etc.;πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἵ. κοιμηθῶ Arr.Epict.1.10.8
, cf. M.Ant.8.29; also for ὥστε, LXX Ge.22.14,al., Plu.2.333a, Porph.Abst.2.33, etc.2 because, ἵ. ἀναγνῶ ἐτιμήθην I was honoured because I read, Anon. ap. A.D.Synt.266.5, cf. Conj.243.21, Choerob.in Theod.2.257, al.; not found in literature.3 elliptical usages,a where the purpose of the utterance is stated, Ζεὺς ἔσθ', ἵν' εἰδῇς 'tis Zeus,— [I tell thee this] that thou may'st know it, S.Ph. 989;ἵ. μὴ εἴπω ὅτι οὐδεμιᾷ Pl.R. 507d
;ἵ. συντέμω D.45.5
;ἵν' ἐκ τούτων ἄρξωμαι Id.21.43
; ἵ. δῶμεν.. granted that.., S.E.P.2.34, cf. 1.79.b in commands, introducing a principal sentence, ἵ. συντάξῃς order him.., PCair.Zen. 240.12 (iii B.C.);ἵ. λαλήσῃς PSI4.412.1
(iii B.C.);ἵ. ἐλθὼν ἐπιθῇς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῇ Ev.Marc.5.23
,cf. 2 Ep.Cor.8.7, LXX 2 Ma.1.9, Arr.Epict.4.1.41, Did. ap. Sch.S.OC 156.c ἵ. τί (sc. γένηται); to what end? either abs. or as a question, Ar.Ec. 719; or with a Verb following, Id. Pax 409, cf. Pl.Ap. 26d, etc.; ἵ. δὴ τί; Ar.Nu. 1192.d in indignant exclamations, to think that.. !Σωκράτης ἵ. πάθῃ ταῦτα Arr.Epict.1.29.16
. -
12 ὦ
ὦ and [full] ὤ, an exclamation, expressing surprise, joy, or pain,A O! oh! with nom.,ὢ τάλας ἐγώ S.Aj. 981
, etc.;ὢ ἔβενος, ὢ χρυσός Theoc.15.123
: also c. gen.,ὢ τῆς ἀναισχυντίας Luc.Pisc.5
; with interrog.,ὤ, τί λέγεις; Pl.Prt. 309d
; in the middle of a sentence, E.Hipp. 362 (lyr.), al.II with voc., a mode of address, whether at the beginning of a sentence or in a parenthesis,ὦ Ἀχιλεῦ Il.1.74
, etc., esp. in dialogue and Oratt., ἐβουλόμην, ὦ ἄνδρες, τὴν δύναμιν κτλ. Antipho.5.1; in invocations of the gods, , etc.; with imper.,ὦ χαῖρε Id.Ag.22
, S.Aj. 91; ὦ πρὸς θεῶν ὕπεικε ib. 371, cf. D.21.98: sts. following the Verb, E.Tr. 335 (lyr.); in different number from the voc.,προσέλθετ', ὦ παῖ, πατρί S.OC 1104
, cf. 1112, Sch.Ar.Pl.66.2 with nom. instead of voc., ὦ δῐος αἰθήρ, ὦ φίλος, A.Pr.88, 545;ὦ γενναῖος Pl. Phdr. 227c
;ὦ οὗτος Αἴας S.Aj.89
;ὦ οὗτος οὗτος Οἰδίπους Id.OC 1627
; also οὗτος, ὦ σέ τοι (sc. καλῶ) Ar.Av. 274.3 with both together,φίλος ὦ Μενέλαε Il.4.189
;ὦ τλάμων πάτερ S.Aj. 641
(lyr., τλᾶμον codd. rec., edd.).4 with the latter of two nouns,Ἀγάμεμνον, ὦ Μενέλαε Id.Ph. 794
.—In the first sense usu. written ὤ, in the second ὦ :[τὸ ὢ] ἡνίκα θαυμαστικὸν λαμβάνεται βαρύνεται, καὶ χωρεῐ εἰς ἐπιρρηματικὴν σύνταξιν, οἷον ὢ Ἡρακλῆς EM79.13
: Thom.Mag. p.408R. prescribes ὢ with the gen., but ὦ with the voc., e.g. ὦ Ἡράκλεις, where the whole expression, and not merely the ὤ ([etym.] ὦ, ) expresses surprise (but A.D.Adv.127.24 seems to imply ὦ in both senses); ὤ as an exclam. is found in forms like ὤ μοι, ὤ μοι ἐγώ, ὢ πρὸς τῶν θεῶν D. l. c.: but ὦ πόποι δυσὶ τόνοις χρῆται Hdn.Gr.1.503, so that ὢ πόποι is improbable, cf. Theognost.Can. 158 (as emended by Lehrs Aristarch.3p.119); ᾤμοι and ὤμοι are both recognized by EM822.33, cf. Lex.Mess.p.413;ωιμ' Sapph.Supp.23.4
; in E., when it stands in the middle of a sentence, it shd. be written ὤ, Hipp. 362, al.: sts. doubled, ; (v.l. ὣ ὣ ὣ); written ὼ ώ in Pap. of S.Ichn.61; tripled, (lyr., prob.). To those who (like D.T.640.11, cf. Sch. D.T.p.257H. ) took ὦ for the voc. of the Art. ὁ, A.D.Synt.45.22-53 replies at length. -
13 κατέχω
κατέχω impf. κατεῖχον; fut. καθέξω LXX, 3 pl. κατασχήσουσι (JosAs 16 [p. 64, 18 Bat. and cod. A]); 2 aor. κατέσχον. Pass.: fut. 2 pl. κατασχεθήσεσθε Ruth 1:13; aor. 3 sg. κατεσχέθη LXX (s. ἔχω; Hom.+). Trans. in all mngs. below, except 7.① to prevent the doing of someth. or cause to be ineffective, prevent, hinder, restrainⓐ to hold someone back from going away hold back, hinder, prevent from going away (Hom. et al.; BGU 1205, 27 [28 B.C.]; 37, 6 [50 A.D.]; PFay 109, 11; Gen 24:56; cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 76; Just., A I, 45, 1) Hs 9, 11, 6. ὸ̔ν ἐβουλόμην πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν κ. whom I wished to keep with me Phlm 13. Foll. by gen. of the inf. w. article (B-D-F §400, 4) οἱ ὄχλοι κατεῖχον αὐτὸν τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἀπʼ αὐτῶν Lk 4:42.ⓑ hold down, suppress τὶ someth. (γέλωτα X., Cyr. 2, 2, 1; Chariton 3, 7, 4 τ. λύπην; WCrum, Coptic Ostraca p. 4, 522=Dssm., LO 260 [LAE 306]=PGM II 233, no. O 1, 1–3 Κρόνος, ὁ κατέχων τὸν θυμὸν ὅλων τ. ἀνθρώπων, κάτεχε τ. θυμὸν Ὡρι; cp. II, 7, 935f, p 41; Jos., Vi. 233 τ. ὀργήν) τ. ἀλήθειαν ἐν ἀδικίᾳ stifle the truth by unrighteousness/ wickedness Ro 1:18 (cp. JFitzmyer, Ro [AB], ’93, 278; but s. 6 below).ⓒ to prevent someone from exercising power, restrain, check (Thu. 6, 29, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 149 §622 τοῦ δαίμονος κατέχοντος τὸ πέλαγος=divine power held the sea back until Alexander reached the other shore; PGiss 70, 3 [II A.D.] ἡ ἀναγραφὴ κατέσχεν ἡμᾶς μέχρι ὥρας ἕκτης) ἵνα μὴ κατέξω τ̣ὰ [προς]|τεταγμένα καὶ ἐπεικίμ̣[εν]α so that I might not delay (carrying out) the instructions and orders AcPl Ha 7, 14f. τὸ κατέχον (Themistocl., Ep. 13, 4) 2 Th 2:6 and ὁ κατέχων vs. 7 mean that which restrains and one who restrains, i.e. what prevents God’s adversary fr. coming out in open opposition to God, for the time being. In an effort to define κ. more specifically here, many interpreters have followed the exegesis of the ancient church (Tertullian) and taken τὸ κ. to be the Roman Empire and ὁ κ. the Emperor (OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91). An alternative view, as old as Theodore of Mops., but without sustained acceptance, would make τὸ κ. the preaching of Christian missionaries and ὁ κ. the apostle Paul (so OCullmann, Dodd Festschr. ’56, 409–21). These and other attempts to limit more precisely the mng. of these terms in 2 Th invite skepticism because of insufficient textual data (vs. 5 appears to imply in-house information). The concept of the temporary restraining of the forces of hell (cp. Rtzst., Poim. 27 late Egyptian prayer 6, 4 Horus as κατέχων δράκοντα=PGM 4, 994f; cp. 2770 Μιχαὴλ … κατέχων, ὸ̔ν καλέουσι δράκοντα μέγαν) does not appear to play any role here.—WBousset, D. Antichrist 1895; NFreese, StKr 93, 1921, 73–77; VHartl, ZKT 45, 1921, 455–75; WSchröder, D. 2. Thess. 1929, 8–15; DBuzy, RSR 24, ’34, 402–31; OCullmann, RThAM 1, ’38, 26–61; JSchmid, TQ 129, ’49, 323–43; OBetz, NTS 9, ’63, 276–91. Difft. CGiblin, Threat to Faith ’67, 167–242, a hostile power. S. also JTownsend, SBLSP 19, ’80, 233–46; RAus, JBL 96, ’77, 537–53; New Docs 3, 28.ⓓ to hold back with design hold back τὶ someth. κ. ἐν μυστηρίῳ τὴν σοφὴν αὐτοῦ βουλήν hold back his wise plan as a secret Dg 8:10.② to adhere firmly to traditions, convictions, or beliefs, hold to, hold fast (cp. the lit. sense λαμπάδας ἐν ταῖς χερσίν ParJer 3:2)ⓐ keep in one’s memory (Theophr., Char. 26, 2, a word of Homer) εἰ κατέχετε if you hold it fast 1 Cor 15:2.ⓑ hold fast, retain faithfully (X., Symp. 8, 26 τ. φιλίαν; TestJud 26:1 τ. ὁδούς) τὸν λόγον Lk 8:15. τὰς παραδόσεις guard the traditions 1 Cor 11:2. τὸ καλόν hold fast what is good 1 Th 5:21; Agr 11. τὴν παρρησίαν βεβαίαν κ. keep the confidence firm Hb 3:6; cp. vs. 14. κ. τὴν ὁμολογίαν ἀκλινῆ 10:23.③ to keep in one’s possession, possess (Ps.-Aristot., Mirabilia 159; 160; Polyb. 1, 2, 3; IMagnMai 105, 51 [II B.C.] ἵνα ἔχωσιν κατέχωσίν τε καρπίζωνταί τε; Ezk 33:24; Da 7:18, 22; Ath. 8:3) τὶ someth. Mt 21:38 v.l.; ὡς μηδὲν ἔχοντες καὶ πάντα κατέχοντες 2 Cor 6:10 (DMealand [ZNW 67, ’76, 277–79] cites Ps.-Crates Ep. 7 Hercher=p. 58 no. 7, 8 Malherbe: ἔχοντες μηδὲν πάντʼ ἔχομεν, ὑμεῖς δὲ πάντʼ ἔχοντες οὐδὲν ἔχετε). Abs. 1 Cor 7:30.④ to keep within limits in a confining manner, confineⓐ in prison keep, confine (PFlor 61, 60; BGU 372 I, 16; Gen 39:20; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 21) pass. Χριστιανοὶ κατέχονται ὡς ἐν φρουρᾷ τῷ κόσμῳ they are confined in the world as in a prison Dg 6:7.ⓑ by law: ἀποθανόντες ἐν ᾧ κατειχόμεθα having died to that by which we were bound Ro 7:6 (cp. PAmh 97, 17 οὐ κατασχεθήσομαι τῇ ὑποσχέσει; PRyl 117, 13).ⓒ by disease (Diod S 4, 14, 5; Philo, Op. M. 71, Congr. Erud. Grat. 138; PSI 299, 3 κατεσχέθην νόσῳ; act., Jer 13:21; Jos., Vi. 48) Lk 4:38 D; J 5:4 v.l.⑤ to have a place as one’s own, take into one’s possession, occupy (Hdt. 5, 72 et al.; PAmh 30, 26 [II B.C.] τὴν οἰκίαν) τὸν ἔσχατον τόπον Lk 14:9 (cp. Philosoph. Max. 491, 69 τὸν κάλλιστον κατέχουσι τόπον; Jos., Ant. 8, 104). Cp. GPt 5:15.—AcPl Ha 5, 28 [κατ]ε̣ῖ̣χεν αὐτὰς ἔκστασις perh. means astonishment overcame them.⑥ lay claim to, legal t.t. Ro 1:18 (the point is that a claim is made for truth, which is denied in practice, cp. vss. 22f; s. FDanker, in Gingrich Festschr. 93. For a difft. interpr. see 1b above).⑦ hold course, nautical t.t., intr. (Hdt. 7, 188 κατέσχε ἐς τὸν αἰγιαλόν; Dicaearchus, Fgm. 85 W. εἰς Δῆλον κατέσχε; Polyb. 1, 25, 7; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 4, 13 p. 133, 5; 5, 18 p. 178, 13; cp. Jos., Ant. 1, 204) κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν they headed for the beach Ac 27:40.⑧ Perh. in the sense of determine (cp. προσέχω 2c) κατεχόντων εἰ ἄρα ἀληθῶς ἀπέθανεν AcPt Ox 849, 2f; s. ed.’s notes.—M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq.
См. также в других словарях:
ἐβουλόμην — βούλομαι will imperf ind mp 1st sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
'βουλόμην — ἐβουλόμην , βούλομαι will imperf ind mp 1st sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
ἁβουλόμην — ἐβουλόμην , βούλομαι will imperf ind mp 1st sg … Greek morphological index (Ελληνική μορφολογικούς δείκτες)
επειδή — (AM ἐπειδή, Μ και ἐπειδής) (σύνδ.) (αιτιολ.) διότι, μια και, για τον λόγο ότι («εσύ, άξε Θεέ μου, πειδή μ ορίζει η χάρη σου ς τούτο βοήθησέ μου», Φορτουν.) αρχ. μσν. χρον. όταν, αφού («ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησεν Δαρεῑος», Ξεν.) μσν. χρον. τη στιγμή που… … Dictionary of Greek